the atoms are not like that

 

This image of the atom that we have been carrying around for the last hundred years ... And I understand why: it is much less difficult for our brains to identify an atom using diagrams like these than showing it the strange real life. The problem is that if the atoms were exactly like this, we wouldn't be here talking about them. This planetary model of the atom, where electrons spin like little balls around the nucleus, was proposed by a New Zealand physicist named Rutherford. And at the time it was quite a discovery, but it did not take long to find problems. The most serious, its stability. Imagine that you have a bicycle wheel, you push it to turn and you put it in the water. What will happen to the wheel? As it rotates, it will stir the water around it, emitting small waves. Little by little he loses his energy and stands up. Something similar happens to the electrons in the Rutherford atom. As they are accelerating within an electromagnetic field, they lose energy by emitting radiation. Losing energy means becoming more and more stationary, and staying stationary while orbiting means spiraling down toward the core. Come on, if our atoms were like Rutherford's we would be more than dead. Physicists like Bohr, Sommerfeld or de Broglie tried to fix Rutherford's atom problems using cutting edge ideas, but it wasn't until Schrodinger, using his latest mathematical creation, solved almost all of his problems in one.

If the atoms were as Rutherford thought, I would tell you that "l", the angular momentum, expresses how fast the electron rotates or how large its orbit is and that "m", let's say the inclination of this angular momentum, determines what it is the axis around which the electron rotates. However, in the quantum world these explanations are blurred: I cannot tell you that the angular momentum reflects how fast the electron goes when it does not even have its speed determined or that "m" reflects the axis of rotation when it does not even rotate around an axis. In fact, even the atom itself shows you how absurd it is to think in this classical way. You see, the least energetic state of all in which the atom can be, in which the electron is calmer, is the one in which "l" is worth zero, which would classically mean that its rotation speed is zero. In other words, according to the classical mentality, there are atoms in the Universe in which the electron is not even spinning! Making this image even more inaccurate.

information obtained :by the teacher